Debit Card
A card which draws its payments directly from n individual’s bank account or from a balance on the card itself.
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Debt
Money or securities owed by an individual or a company to another entity such as the government or another individual
Deed
A written document relating to real estate usually enacting a transfer, bargain, or contract that gives the ownership of property from one party to another.
Default
A failure to meet financial obligations.
Deficit
An excess of debt or other liabilities that are greater than profits, income, or assets. Also, going over a proposed budget in finance.
Deflation
A decline in the general price goods and services that increases the purchasing power of money. It is the opposite of inflation. Deflation is not always good for an economy however because it leaves companies with very little pricing power.
Depreciation
A representation of a reduction in the value of assets due to wear and age. Hard assets such as factories and machinery depreciate in value over time and must eventually be replaced.
Depression
A severe downturn in the economy that is characterized by falling prices, reduced purchasing power and high unemployment.
Disability insurance
A type of insurance that can replace part of your income if illness or injury leaves you unable to work for an extended period.
Discount Rate
The interest rate the Federal Reserve charges its member banks for loans. This rate influences the rates financial institutions then charge to their customers. The Federal Reserve uses this rate as one method of influencing its monetary policy. The rate is also very important to the bond and stock markets as it provides a clue to interest rate trends and future Federal Reserve policy.
Disinflation
A slowdown in the rate of price increases. Disinflation occurs during a recession, when sales drop and retailers are unable to pass higher prices to consumers.
Disposable Income
The income that an individual retains after all taxes. This is the part of the income that can be saved, or used to purchase goods, or investments.
Diversification
The spreading of money among a variety of different securities and investments, which lessens the risk that a portfolio will lose value because a single security goes downwards.
Dividends
The portion of a company's net income that is paid out to stockholders as a return on their investment. A stock's dividend yield is calculated by dividing a company's annual return by its current share price.
Ex: A stock selling for $25 a share with an annual dividend of $1 a share yields the investor 4%.
Dividends are declared and suspended by company's board of directors. A benefit of dividends is that once paid, they are money in the bank and provide a buffer when stocks are weak. A disadvantage is that dividends are taxed as ordinary income.
Downsizing
Also called streamlining, it is a company’s way of reducing expenditures by eliminating non-essential components, activities, and workers. In theory this helps to increase the company’s efficiency and profitability.
Draft
A signed, written order by one party that instructs another party to pay a third party a specific amount. It also may be called a bill of exchange.
Duration
Is a measurement that determines part of the risk in a bond. The duration of a bond shows how long it will take to recover the principal. It is used as a good way to determine a bond’s risk.